Modernization and Commodification in Sport sample essay

Scientific progress and technological development, which took place during the twentieth century, has considerably influenced the whole industry of sport. The changes have altered nearly all spheres of sport, ranging from the process of managing athletic competition to the sum of money allocated for various sport events. The important thing is that the work of numerous promoters of sports competitions has significantly increased public attention to such sport events, therefore modernization and commodification have significantly contributed to the condition (and development) of contemporary sport.

The organization of pre-modern sports either did not exist at all, or was of sporadic and informal nature. The competitions were arranged by individuals directly or indirectly involved. The rules according to which the contests were conducted can be characterized as simple and unwritten. They were based on local customs and traditions, and varied from one district to another. Contrarily, the organization of modern sport is very formal; it is institutionally differentiated at all levels: local, regional, and national. In addition, modern rules are much more standardized and formal, pragmatically and rationally elaborated and legitimated by organizational means. Modernization has significantly influenced the scale of sporting competitions. The impact was primarily of local significance; there were very few chances for national reputation.

Nowadays, sporting competitions are conducted on a national and international levels, preliminary based on local contests. This fact explains the popularity of many outstanding athletes, as they have the opportunity to establish national and international reputation and recognition. The role differentiation previously was very low among participants. Besides, there was very little distinction between observing and participating. But in present times the role differentiation in the world of sport is very high, professional athletes and coaches have appeared to train participants.

As for the coverage of sport events, previously public information was mainly oral, local, and very limited. No science has been applied to study contemporary sport. Nowadays, on the other hand, all information about sports events is reported on a regular basis in local sports journals and newspapers. Besides, each news program includes detailed sports reviews. Statistics and records are very important in modern sports, these data are kept and published on a regular basis.

Generally, modernization has influenced sport industry significantly, and attracted much more people to it. It also contributed greatly to turn every sport contest into a bright and exciting performance.

Bibliography

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2. Pike, L. (1998). Principles and Practice of Sport Management. Jones & Barlett.

3. Fortin, F. (2000). Sports: the Complete Visual Reference. Firefly Books.

4. Desensi, J. (2003). Ethics and Morality in Sports Management. Fitness Information Tech.

5. Boxill, J. (2002). Sports Ethics: the Anthology. Blackwell Publishers.

6. McNamee, M. (2004). Ethics plus Sport. Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network. Website: http://www.hlst.ltsn.ac.uk/ resources/ethics.html
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